STOCKPILE MANAGEMEN
Stockpile serves as a buffer between the delivery and processing, as a strategic stock to short-term disturbances or long term. Stockpile also serves as a process of homogenization or mixing coal and to prepare the required quality.
Besides the above objectives in the stockpile is also used for coal memcampur order homogenization as needed. Homogenization aims to set up a product from one type of material in which fluctuations in the coal quality and comparable size distribution. In the process there are two types of homogensiasi blending and mixing.
Blending aims to obtain the final product of two or more types of coal, better known by the chemical composition of coal which will be distributed more evenly and with no place large enough to recognize one of the types of coal when the sampling is done. In the coal blending process should be evenly mixed or patchy distribution. While mixing is one of the types of mixed coal can still be located in a small quantity of material mixed results from two or more types of coal.
Storage process, can be done:- Near the mine, usually still be lumpy coal- Near the harbor- And in place of coal usersfor the expected storage period is not too long, as it will result in a decline in the quality of coal. Degradation process is usually more affected by oxidation and natural.
Prinsif Dasat management of the stockpile is the application system is FIFO (first in first out), which earlier incoming coal must be removed first. Stocking coal in the long term will be at risk of degaradasi and heating (self heating).
Besides, a few things to note in stockpile management are as follows:1. Temperature Control & Heating / sponcom2. Control of the contamination and housekeeping3. Control Aspects Kuality / kuantity coal4. Control Environmental aspects
Temperature Control & Heating / combustion SpontanousDetermination of coal in the stockpile terperature done periodically, then evaluated temperaturenya trend over time. Temperature monitoring is also intended to look at the areas that have the potential stockpile heating (heating).Heating / Spontaneous combustion is a natural phenomenon and also called combustion (self heating / combustion). This is due to the reaction of organic matter with oxygen from the air. Oxidation reaction rate varies between a substance with other substances.
Combustion will occur if:- The fuel (fuel)- Andanya oxidant (air / oxygen)- The heat (heat)Fire triangle
O2 Heat
FuelTo prevent fire must negate at least one of the above components.
Coal as organic substances that contain methane gas, flammable because oxidized with oxygen from the air. Spontanous these fires can be controlled if treated with care.
Factors affecting the spontaneous fires include:1. Conditions of coal:o Rank Coal and typenyao moisture content (moisture)o The spread of size (size distribution)o Levels of pyretic sulfuro Components maceral2. Rank CoalCoal rank is determined by the changes that occur from plant origin, the higher the quality the higher the change / rank coal. Coal is divided into 2 rank:o low rank coal (brown coal, lognit, sub-bituminous coal)o high rank coal (bituminous and anthracite)
The lower the coal rank, the higher the risk of spontaneous fires, this is due to:o Water content, water acts as a catalyst in the oxidation process, the higher the water content the greater the risk of fire spontanous.o Dissemination of coal, the greater the difference in grain size of coal combustion more easy-going self and so is the greater number of coal dust (fines) the higher the risk of burning coal.o Pyritic sulfur, the compound is easily oxidized when heat and eventually cause fire spontanous.o Components maceral (vitrinite, and inertinite exinite), coal with vitrinite content and high exinite be flammable.
Several attempts to prevent the burning of coal is to avoid the entry of oxygen into the coal, with the road:1. Implementation of FIFO system2. Avoid vertical structures, with the intent to reduce the risk of entry of air into the stock.3. When intended for stocking coal in a fairly long period, then sought compaction (compaction)
If found coal stock to warm conditions (heating) or burning (sponcom), then the parts that have the heating immediately separated, then dispreading for cooling before being returned to the stockpile and dikompaksi or immediately removed (unloading).
Not justified in using the water in the handling of the heating / sponcom coal in the stockpile because it will increase the impact of oxidation process.
Stocking of envirocoalTo process the coal stocking envirocoal include, among others:1. Stocking in ROM mineROM (Run of Mine) coal mines used where rehandling of the pit, then transported using a truck for hauling coal to crushing facility.2. Stocking in ROM Production KelanisROM production is used as a reserve stock to maintain the continuity of the production process (crushing) and anticipate the disruption process of hauling coal from the mines. There are 2 ROM stockpile is used:· ROM 1, is used to preserve the stability of supply of coal for the production process (crusher) at the maximum rate.· ROM 2, used as a dead stockpile and anticipate problems hauling process of the mine.3. Stockpile production.Used to store the results batubar production (crushing) and subsequently loaded into the barge. Coal production is already tersizing on size 0 to 50 mm. There are 2 stockpile production where each is used for crushing and laoding each barge.
Against Contamination Control & HousekeepingContamination is something that it is highly undesirable in a production process can mempenagaruhi coal than coal quality and performance than the miner / miners. Contamination can occur from the mines, processes rehandling, in stockpile or in the vessel. This may result in a claim or complaint from a buyer.· Contamination at the mine, which is generally borne contamination during expose coal, among others, in the form of clay overburden, soil or other rocks. This will result in increasing ash content (ash content)· Contamination rehandling process, occurs during the process of transporting coal. Contamination is usually in the form of:- The presence of heavy kendaraat spare parts / scrap metal- Wire, metal, wood, plastic, cans, rubber tires, etc.- Contamination in the stockpile area. Lack of good stockpile could cause a contamination of the coal itself mainly from basement / foundation from stockpiles due to the maneuvers of a dozer / tractor that will be raised in the form of basic stockpile soil, clay or stones splite.
The things that need to be considered in order to avoid contamination of the stockpile, among others:- Strict supervision all activity stockpile area- Implementation of housekeeping- Routine maintenance peralatanyang used, covering maintenance on plant equipment as well as the heavy equipment used in the stockpile area.- Metal detector, serves to prevent metal contamination or log in to stockpile and coal to be removed from the stockpile.
Aspect Control Kuality & kuantityKuality control aspects of coal in the stockpile that needs to be done in the form of:o determination / analysis of the quality of the coal production in the stockpile, then do the stock settings according to type of coal production in the stockpile.o Enterprise risk mininimize coal degradation (setting long stockings, heavy equipment aktitivitas distockpile, reclaime pit, etc.)o Setting coal blending ratio.o Control and monitoring of all the factors that affect the significan change the value in the quality of coal during stockpile.
While the aspects necessary kuantity accurate recording system for coal inventory and stock movement of coal (coal movement).
Control of Environmental AspectsCoal dust, general dust (dust) from the coal particles sized - 0.5 mm (fines) that suspension with air, so in an effort Preventing dust is to minimize terhadadap fines (fine particles) is. Use water spray dust can be done to anticipate, recommended spray used is in the form of fog spray(Fog) for more leverage in capturing dust.
To have the type of coal fines envirocoal (- 0.5 mm) ranged between 8 s / d 10%. Technically handling of dust carried by water spray surfactan added material produced by KAO called the PIC 103. This surfactan material with water will quickly absorb particles of coal dust. Recommended concentration is 50 ppm / ton coal envirocoal. Location spray of water is:o hoppero screen / divergatoro secondary crushero transper chute
Solid and liquid waste, as long as the coal stockpile management of solid waste and liquid waste is an unavoidable risk. Some things to note in the handling of this stockpile is:o Care basement stockpile, stockpile attempted to drain surface water toward the drainage system are available. In this case the ideal shape is a surface stockpile is slightly convex.o Drainage system, all the water flowed from the stockpile to the wastewater treatment system / solid.o adequate sewage treament system
Besides the above objectives in the stockpile is also used for coal memcampur order homogenization as needed. Homogenization aims to set up a product from one type of material in which fluctuations in the coal quality and comparable size distribution. In the process there are two types of homogensiasi blending and mixing.
Blending aims to obtain the final product of two or more types of coal, better known by the chemical composition of coal which will be distributed more evenly and with no place large enough to recognize one of the types of coal when the sampling is done. In the coal blending process should be evenly mixed or patchy distribution. While mixing is one of the types of mixed coal can still be located in a small quantity of material mixed results from two or more types of coal.
Storage process, can be done:- Near the mine, usually still be lumpy coal- Near the harbor- And in place of coal usersfor the expected storage period is not too long, as it will result in a decline in the quality of coal. Degradation process is usually more affected by oxidation and natural.
Prinsif Dasat management of the stockpile is the application system is FIFO (first in first out), which earlier incoming coal must be removed first. Stocking coal in the long term will be at risk of degaradasi and heating (self heating).
Besides, a few things to note in stockpile management are as follows:1. Temperature Control & Heating / sponcom2. Control of the contamination and housekeeping3. Control Aspects Kuality / kuantity coal4. Control Environmental aspects
Temperature Control & Heating / combustion SpontanousDetermination of coal in the stockpile terperature done periodically, then evaluated temperaturenya trend over time. Temperature monitoring is also intended to look at the areas that have the potential stockpile heating (heating).Heating / Spontaneous combustion is a natural phenomenon and also called combustion (self heating / combustion). This is due to the reaction of organic matter with oxygen from the air. Oxidation reaction rate varies between a substance with other substances.
Combustion will occur if:- The fuel (fuel)- Andanya oxidant (air / oxygen)- The heat (heat)Fire triangle
O2 Heat
FuelTo prevent fire must negate at least one of the above components.
Coal as organic substances that contain methane gas, flammable because oxidized with oxygen from the air. Spontanous these fires can be controlled if treated with care.
Factors affecting the spontaneous fires include:1. Conditions of coal:o Rank Coal and typenyao moisture content (moisture)o The spread of size (size distribution)o Levels of pyretic sulfuro Components maceral2. Rank CoalCoal rank is determined by the changes that occur from plant origin, the higher the quality the higher the change / rank coal. Coal is divided into 2 rank:o low rank coal (brown coal, lognit, sub-bituminous coal)o high rank coal (bituminous and anthracite)
The lower the coal rank, the higher the risk of spontaneous fires, this is due to:o Water content, water acts as a catalyst in the oxidation process, the higher the water content the greater the risk of fire spontanous.o Dissemination of coal, the greater the difference in grain size of coal combustion more easy-going self and so is the greater number of coal dust (fines) the higher the risk of burning coal.o Pyritic sulfur, the compound is easily oxidized when heat and eventually cause fire spontanous.o Components maceral (vitrinite, and inertinite exinite), coal with vitrinite content and high exinite be flammable.
Several attempts to prevent the burning of coal is to avoid the entry of oxygen into the coal, with the road:1. Implementation of FIFO system2. Avoid vertical structures, with the intent to reduce the risk of entry of air into the stock.3. When intended for stocking coal in a fairly long period, then sought compaction (compaction)
If found coal stock to warm conditions (heating) or burning (sponcom), then the parts that have the heating immediately separated, then dispreading for cooling before being returned to the stockpile and dikompaksi or immediately removed (unloading).
Not justified in using the water in the handling of the heating / sponcom coal in the stockpile because it will increase the impact of oxidation process.
Stocking of envirocoalTo process the coal stocking envirocoal include, among others:1. Stocking in ROM mineROM (Run of Mine) coal mines used where rehandling of the pit, then transported using a truck for hauling coal to crushing facility.2. Stocking in ROM Production KelanisROM production is used as a reserve stock to maintain the continuity of the production process (crushing) and anticipate the disruption process of hauling coal from the mines. There are 2 ROM stockpile is used:· ROM 1, is used to preserve the stability of supply of coal for the production process (crusher) at the maximum rate.· ROM 2, used as a dead stockpile and anticipate problems hauling process of the mine.3. Stockpile production.Used to store the results batubar production (crushing) and subsequently loaded into the barge. Coal production is already tersizing on size 0 to 50 mm. There are 2 stockpile production where each is used for crushing and laoding each barge.
Against Contamination Control & HousekeepingContamination is something that it is highly undesirable in a production process can mempenagaruhi coal than coal quality and performance than the miner / miners. Contamination can occur from the mines, processes rehandling, in stockpile or in the vessel. This may result in a claim or complaint from a buyer.· Contamination at the mine, which is generally borne contamination during expose coal, among others, in the form of clay overburden, soil or other rocks. This will result in increasing ash content (ash content)· Contamination rehandling process, occurs during the process of transporting coal. Contamination is usually in the form of:- The presence of heavy kendaraat spare parts / scrap metal- Wire, metal, wood, plastic, cans, rubber tires, etc.- Contamination in the stockpile area. Lack of good stockpile could cause a contamination of the coal itself mainly from basement / foundation from stockpiles due to the maneuvers of a dozer / tractor that will be raised in the form of basic stockpile soil, clay or stones splite.
The things that need to be considered in order to avoid contamination of the stockpile, among others:- Strict supervision all activity stockpile area- Implementation of housekeeping- Routine maintenance peralatanyang used, covering maintenance on plant equipment as well as the heavy equipment used in the stockpile area.- Metal detector, serves to prevent metal contamination or log in to stockpile and coal to be removed from the stockpile.
Aspect Control Kuality & kuantityKuality control aspects of coal in the stockpile that needs to be done in the form of:o determination / analysis of the quality of the coal production in the stockpile, then do the stock settings according to type of coal production in the stockpile.o Enterprise risk mininimize coal degradation (setting long stockings, heavy equipment aktitivitas distockpile, reclaime pit, etc.)o Setting coal blending ratio.o Control and monitoring of all the factors that affect the significan change the value in the quality of coal during stockpile.
While the aspects necessary kuantity accurate recording system for coal inventory and stock movement of coal (coal movement).
Control of Environmental AspectsCoal dust, general dust (dust) from the coal particles sized - 0.5 mm (fines) that suspension with air, so in an effort Preventing dust is to minimize terhadadap fines (fine particles) is. Use water spray dust can be done to anticipate, recommended spray used is in the form of fog spray(Fog) for more leverage in capturing dust.
To have the type of coal fines envirocoal (- 0.5 mm) ranged between 8 s / d 10%. Technically handling of dust carried by water spray surfactan added material produced by KAO called the PIC 103. This surfactan material with water will quickly absorb particles of coal dust. Recommended concentration is 50 ppm / ton coal envirocoal. Location spray of water is:o hoppero screen / divergatoro secondary crushero transper chute
Solid and liquid waste, as long as the coal stockpile management of solid waste and liquid waste is an unavoidable risk. Some things to note in the handling of this stockpile is:o Care basement stockpile, stockpile attempted to drain surface water toward the drainage system are available. In this case the ideal shape is a surface stockpile is slightly convex.o Drainage system, all the water flowed from the stockpile to the wastewater treatment system / solid.o adequate sewage treament system
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