Environmental aspects of the use of coal-mining
Elemental composition of coal:
Major: C, H and O
Secondary: N, S, Si, Fe, Ca and Mg
These elements form a chemical compound:
Organic 1.Senyawa:
* Functional groups: carboxyl
* Benzene: C6C6
2. Inorganic compounds:
* Minerals
* Trace element
Of the coal combustion process, in addition to the heat generated, also generated air pollutants comprising:
1.Partikulat
Consisting of a solid material composed mostly of oxide compounds and ash.
Size is relatively fine ash particles (1 μ - 10 μ) m
2.Polyciclic organic matter
The form of organic compounds
Batubar occurs because the combustion process is not perfect and decomposition of organic materials that were not burned.
3. Trace element
An element that number slightly
Will be distributed in a burning ride with fly ash (fly ash)
There are 8 toxic elements: arsenic, cadnium, mercury, lead, vanadium, selenium, nickel and fluorine
Gas
Trace elements:
1. Arsenic:
Plant: root damage, impaired growth, reduced returns
Humans and animals: sedimented on nails, hair, respiratory tract, skin. Effeknya, dermatitis, bronchitis, skin cancer (0.05 ppm threshold)
2. Cadnium:
Plant: lower results (ab 10 ug / g soil)
Humans: sedimented on blood cells, kidneys, liver (ab 0.05-0.2 mg/m3
3. Mercury:
Characteristically poison-
-Plant: growth disorders
-Humans and animals: nephritis, neurological damage and death (ab 0.01 μg/m3)
-
4. Lead (Pb):
-Plant: growth disturbance (300 ppm)
-Humans and animals: brain damage and death (3 μg/m3)
-
5. Vanadium:
-Humans and animals: the respiratory system
-Concentration limit of 0.15 μg/m3
6. Selenium
-Plants: inhibits growth (if> 2.5 mg / Lt)
-Humans and animals: kidney, pancreas, liver and lungs at concentrations> 0.2 mg/m3.
7. Nickel: damage to the lungs, brain and nasal cancer
-Above a concentration of 1 mg/m3.
8. Fluorine and HF
-Disorders eyes, mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and can cause a burning sensation, to concentrations> 3 ppm.
Gas produced: Sox and NOx
Sulfur gases:
Acid rain-causing
-Gas Sox: in humans: the pain in the nose, (starting 1-2 ppm), 10 ppm resulted in the disruption nose, eyes, throat.
Gas
Influence
SO2
Ø> 0.3 ppm: interfere with human health
Ø >>> 0.3 ppm: respiratory irritation
CO2
-Non-toxic
-Derived from organic substances
- Health problems in humans and animals
CO
Ø10 ppm has affinity to blood (Co-hemoglobin)
Ø derived from the incomplete combustion of coal
NOx
100 ppm >>: stimulate breathing
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