Wys tans plasings met die etiket slope. Wys alle plasings
Wys tans plasings met die etiket slope. Wys alle plasings

Landslide Disaster Preparedness

Landslides often occur in Indonesia, taerutama penghuja season. Disasters usually occurs in hilly areas so that afflict many people in the foothills area and destroy transportation infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and railways.


Prevention efforts to reduce the impact of landslides:

    
Get to know the area where we live so that if there are characteristics of landslide prone areas we can avoid.
    
Fix water management and land use lahandaerha slopes.
   
planted regions slopes to plant roots in the system (taproot).
    
Close cracks arising on the cliff top with clay material to prevent the entry of water into the soil.
    
Always be alert to sat the rainy season, especially during high rainfall in a long time.
    
Wary of springs / seeps and small-scale landslide along the slope.

Avalanche current situation:

    
Landslides generally occur suddenly during or after a rain.
    
Landslide generally occurs with a roar followed, accompanied by a mass movement of land and / or rock that slides down hill very quickly swept what was skipped.

What to do at the time:Most of the population in the bottom of the slope does not have a chance to escape when the land masses have started to slide downEvacuation of residents if the cliff would have shown symptoms of landslides

What to do after the event:

    
Evacuate victims buried carefully, because extracting the pile may trigger new landslides.
    
Evacuate residents living in the danger area to a safe shelter.
    
Find sources of clean water that can be used for safe shelter areas.
    
Immediately contact the relevant parties such as the village chief / headman or sub-district so that disasters can be dealt with immediately in a coordinated manner.

Watch out for:

    
Pile of loose soil and water escapes clay, sandy clay, and sand.
    
Cracks arch on the slopes or cracks in buildings and roads during / after rainfall.
    
Layer of soil or rock slopes are angled outward. The emergence of water seepage on the slope.

Do not:

    
prone slopes building on landslides.
    
Or print an irrigated field at the top and at the landslide prone.
    
Excavating around the foot of the slopes are prone to landslides.
    
Indiscriminate felling trees on and around the slopes are prone to landslides.
    
Live below the slopes prone to landslides.

What to do:

    
Report to authorities or villages Regular.
    
Close soil cracks with clay or other impermeable material
    
Avoid water seep into the slope and drainage slope set
    
Create a ditch controller rainwater away from the slopes
    
Plug in a hollowed bamboo both ends into the slopes
    
If seepage / water flow appears increasingly heavy mud on the slope, immediately leave the slopes

CUT SLOPE MEASUREMENT

slope is an element of topography and erosion factor. Slope occurs due to changes in the earth's surface caused by a variety of forces occurring endogenous and exogenous, resulting in differences in the points where the height above the earth's surface. Knowing the slope of the slope is important for the implementation of planning and development needs, especially in the field of soil and water conservation, among others, as a factor that controls erosion and determine land capability class. Large slope expressed in degrees (o) or percent (%). To determine the slope can be measured by several methods or tools among other methods: Equipment Type-A (ondol-ondol), Abney level, and clinometer. Morphology of the study area based on topography and slope of the slope can be divided into seven (7) units of morphology, namely:


1. plain

An alluvial plain area and local beach and river in the southwest is a hilly ridge slope, slope shape is generally flat to very gently sloping terrain with a slope of between 0-5% (0-3%), renewal altitude in the north between 0-25 m asl and in the southwestern baguan altitude between 225-275 m above sea level. Widespread deployment of approximately 164.9 km2 (42.36%) of the entire study area.

2. Wavy area
This unit is generally a ridge morphology, the foot hills and river valleys, to have a smooth surface with undulating terrain slope 5-10% (3-9%), altitude between 25-200 m asl. Widely spread around 68.09 km2. (17.36%) of the entire study area.


3. Hills sloping ramps
Morphological unit is the foot hills and ridge, to have a wavy surface with a gentle slope 10-15% with heights of 25-435 m above sea level. Widespread deployment of approximately 73.31 km2 (18.84%) of the entire mapping area.


4. Somewhat Steep hills belereng
This is a morphological unit slopes and hilltops with a rather steep slope, has a slope between 15-30%, altitude between 25-445 m asl. Widely spread around 57.91 km2 (14.8%) of the entire study area.


5. Steep sloping hills
This is a morphological unit slopes and hilltops with steep slopes, has a slope between 30-50%, altitude between 40-325 m asl. Widely spread around 17.47 km2 (4.47%) of the entire study area.


6. Very Steep hill slope
This is a morphological unit hillsides and river banks with very steep slopes, has a slope between 50-70%, altitude between 45-165 m asl. Spread widely around 2.26 km2 (0.58%) of the entire study area.


7. Steep sloping hills
Morphological units is generally a river cliff with a steep slope, sloped> 70%, altitude between 100-300 m above sea level. Spread widely around 6.45 km2 (1.65%) of the entire study area.
Type-A tool commonly called ondol-ondol is a simple slope measuring device. It is made of two pieces of bamboo or wood were tied loosely at the two ends so mudaha driven. Equipment installed in the middle of a transverse rafters so that it looked just like the letter A. This tool comes with extras such as lat beberpa thread hanger so it can be used to measure the slope somewhere.
Abney level is a slope measuring device, shaped like a pair of binoculars, a length of approximately 15 cm, weight 150 g. This tool consists of several parts: the body (metal), water-filled glass tubes penuhbila not driven water bubbles will appear called nivo, scale slope, and shoot the gap.



In Rock Avalanches Type

In the process conditions in rock avalanches be divided into four, namely:
• landslide areas (Plane Failure)
• avalanches Wedge (Wedge Failure)
• avalanches bow (Circular Failure)
• avalanches Guling (Toppling Failure)


Landslide areas (Plane Failure)
            
Landslide areas is a rock avalanches that occurred during skiing areas are considered average. Skating field might be the fault areas, cracks or bedding areas. Landslide occurrence conditions are:
1. There is free skating field, mean slope skiing areas should be smaller than the slope of the slope.
2. Unidirectional sliding direction or approach areas in line with the direction of the slope.
3. Slope skiing areas is greater than the angle of the rock slide.
4. There is a free field (there is no retainer style) on both sides of the landslide.

Avalanches Wedges (Wedge Failure)
                Wedge avalanches can occur on a rock where there is more than one independent weak fields intersect. Angle intercepts between the weak field must be greater than the angle of a rock slide. This could be a weak field area of ​​the fault, cracks or bedding areas. Avalanches way through one of the wedge can some weak areas, or through the line intercepts the second weak field.

Avalanches bow (Circular Failure)
            
Rock avalanches that occurred during skiing areas mentioned by the bow. Bow avalanches will occur on land or of a material such as soil, that between soil particles are not mutually bonded to each other. With this bow avalanches can also occur in rocks that are outdated and there are many areas of weak or crushed rock pile.

Avalanches roller (Toppling Failure)
            
Rolling avalanches will occur on a rock slope opposite direction kemiringannya slope weak areas. The situation can be illustrated with the blocks that are placed on an incline as follows:
If a> f and x / yn a <tanf, the beam would then rolling surf.
If a <f and x / yn a <tanf, the beam will directly roll.

Based on the shape and porous rolled them, then rolling avalanches be divided into three types:
• rolling avalanches after bending (Flexural Toppling)
• the form of avalanches roller block (Block Toppling)
• a combination of the two avalanches avalanches above (Block Flexural Toppling)