Soil Mechanics
Soil Mechanics is part of the Geotechnical which is one branch of science in Civil Engineering, in English means the soil mechanics soil engineering and soil mechanics or Bodenmechanik in German.The term soil mechanics given by Karl von Terzaghi in 1925 through his book "Erdbaumechanik auf bodenphysikalicher Grundlage" (based on Soil Mechanics Basic Physical Properties Land), which discusses the basic principles of modern soil mechanics, and foundation studies The advanced science, so Terzaghi called the "Father of Soil Mechanics".
Definition of SoilSoil material is defined as consisting of:1. Aggregate (grain) of solid minerals which are not chemically bound to each other.2. Liquid substances.3. Gas that fills the empty spaces between the grains of the solid minerals.
Useful as a ground supporting building foundations and building materials as well as the course itself (eg bricks).TrialThe science of studying the properties of the soil through a series of laboratory experiments and field trials.Experiments in the Field• Sondir• Drill• Test Press Plates• Strength Test Land Slide on the ground, using the Propeller Test
Experiments in the laboratory• Distribution of Granular Soil, large granular soils used for Test Sieve (eng: Sieve Analysis, de: Siebanalyse), used for fine-grained soil hydrometer test (eng: Hydrometer, de: Aräometer / Sedimentationsanalyse).• Soil Density (eng: Specific Grafity, de: Wichte)• Soil Density (eng: Bulk Density, de: Dichte) using Pycnometer.• Water Content, Figures and Saturation Soil Pore (eng: Water Content, Pore Ratio Ratio and
Saturation; de: Wassergehalt, Hohlraumgehalt, Sättigungszahl)• Permeability (eng: permeability, de: Wasserdurchlässigkeit)• Soil Plasticity, using Atterberg Limit Test to find:
- Liquid and Plastic Limit,
- Plastic Limit and Semi Solid,
- Limit Semi Solid and Solid
(Eng: Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Shrinkage Limit;
de: Zustandgrenzen und Konsistenzgrenzen)• Consolidation (eng: Consolidation Test, de: Konsolidationversuch)• Soil Test Strength Scroll, there are three experiments in the laboratory to determine the shear strength of the soil, namely:
- Experiment Slide Jump (eng: Direct Shear Test, de: Direktscherversuch),
- Test Imposition of One Direction (eng: Unconvined Test, de: Einaxialversuch) and
- Test Charging Three Direction (eng & de: Triaxial)• Test congestion by using the Test Proctor
Use of ScienceIn the sequel, the science is used to:• The design of foundations• Planning road base pavement layer (pavement design)• Planning of underground structures (tunnels, basement) and the retaining wall)• Planning excavation• Planning dam
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